C Input Functions

The input operations are used to read user values (input) from the keyboard. The c programming language provides the following built-in input functions. 

• scanf()
• getchar()
• getch()
• gets() 
• fscanf()

scanf() function

 

The scanf() function is used to read multiple data values of different data types from the keyboard. The scanf() function is built-in function defined in a header file called "stdio.h".

The scanf() function has the following syntax...

scanf("format strings", variableName); 

Example

 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main(){
   int x;
   printf("\nEnter integer value: ");
   scanf("%d",&x);
   printf("\nYou have entered %d number",x);   
   getch();
}

Output 

 getchar() function

 

The getchar() function is used to read a character from the keyboard and return it to the program. This function is used to read a single character.

To read multiple characters we need to write multiple times or use a looping statement.

 

Example

 

 #include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main(){
   char c;
   printf("\nEnter any character : ");
   c = getchar();
   printf("\nYou have entered : %c\n",c);   
  getch();
}

 

Output

getch() function

 

The getch() function is similar to getchar function. The getch() function is used to read a character from the keyboard and return it to the program. This function is used to read a single character. To read multiple characters we need to write multiple times or use a looping statement.  

Example

 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main(){
   char c;
   printf("\nEnter any character : ");
   c = getch();
   printf("\nYou have entered : %c\n",c);   

}

 

Output

gets() function

 

The gets() function is used to read a line of string and stores it into a character array. The gets() function reads a line of string or sequence of characters till a newline symbol enters.

 

Example 

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main(){
   char name[30];
   printf("\nEnter your name: ");
   gets(name);
   printf("%s",name);
   getch();
} 

Output

fscanf() function

The fscanf() function is used with the concept of files. The fscanf() function is used to read data values from a file. When you want to use fscanf() function the file must be opened in reading mode.