An operator is a special symbol that tells the compiler to perform mathematical or logical operations.
C programming language supports a rich set of operators that are classified as follows.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Increment & Decrement Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Conditional Operator
- Special Operators(Misc operator)
Arithmetic Operators
The arithmetic operators are the symbols that are used to perform basic
mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and percentage modulo.
Relational Operators
The relational operators are the symbols that are used to compare two values.Every relational operator has two results TRUE or FALSE.
Logical Operators
The logical operators are the symbols that are used to combine multiple conditions into one condition.
Increment & Decrement Operators
The increment and decrement operators are called unary operators because
both need only one operand. The increment operators adds one to the
existing value of the operand and the decrement operator subtracts one
from the existing value of the operand.
Pre-Increment or Pre-Decrement
In the case of pre-increment, the value of the variable is increased by
one before the expression evaluation. In the case of pre-decrement, the
value of the variable is decreased by one before the expression
evaluation.
Example
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
int i = 12,j;
j = ++i;
printf("i = %d, j = %d",i,j);
getch();
}
Output
Post-Increment or Post-Decrement
In the case of post-increment, the value of the variable is increased by
one after the expression evaluation. In the case of post-decrement, the
value of the variable is decreased by one after the expression
evaluation.
Example
Difference between pre/post increment & decrement operators
The assignment operators are used to assign right-hand side value
(Rvalue) to the left-hand side variable (Lvalue). The assignment
operator is used in different variants along with arithmetic operators.
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operators are used to perform bit-level operations.When we use the bitwise operators, the operations are performed based on the binary values.
Conditional Operator
The conditional operator is also called a ternary operator
because it requires three operands. This operator is used for decision
making. In this operator, first we verify a condition, then we perform
one operation out of the two operations based on the condition result.
If the condition is TRUE the first option is performed, if the condition
is FALSE the second option is performed.
Condition ? TRUE Part : FALSE Part;
Example
X = (12<20)?300:600; ⇒ X value is 300
Special Operators
sizeof operator
This operator is used to find the size of the
memory (in bytes) allocated for a variable. This operator is used with
the following syntax.
sizeof(variableName);
Pointer operator (*)
This operator is used to define pointer variables in c programming language.
Comma operator (,)
This operator is used to separate variables while they are declaring, separate the expressions in function calls, etc.
Dot operator (.)
This operator is used to access members of structure or union.
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